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- Assembly Language - The programming language which matches the machine's
- defined operations on a 1 to 1 basis but allows symbols to represent the
- operations and addresses rather than the actual binary codes.
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- Binary - refers to base 2.
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- Bit - Binary digit ie 1 or 0.
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- Byte - Eight bits taken as a unit.
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- CPU - Central Processing Unit: The portion of the system unit which "typically"
- contains the arithmetic calculation resources and control logic to interpret
- and execute instructions and control the over-all system.
- In a microcomputer it is the microprocessor chip (IBM PC = Intel 8088).
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- Dynamic RAM - A form of RAM in which the information is stored as charge
- in a capacitive circuit thus it is constantly "leaking" slowly out. It needs
- to be "refreshed" every several milliseconds or the contents will be lost.This
- makes it inherenly slower than other forms of RAM also contents are lost
- when power is turned off.
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- Hexidecimal - refers to base 16.
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- Interrupt - A externally triggered event that causes the processor to halt
- the current process a initiate a new sequence of instructions.
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- Machine Language - The binary codes interperted by the processor
- as operation codes and memory addresses.
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- Process - Term used to refer to an executing (ie "running") program.
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- Static RAM - RAM in which information is stored as voltage levels in
- register like locations. For semiconductor RAM used in many mini-computers
- and microcomputers it losses its contents when power is removed. It is
- typically faster than dynamic RAM but requires more chip area.
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- RAM - Random Access Memory: A memory in which any memory location can be
- accessed in the same amount of time regardless of its relative location from
- the previously accessed location. see dynamic and static RAM.
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- Register - A fast memory location within the processor used to store operands
- for arithmetic processing and temporary results.
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- ROM - Read Only Memory: A form of memory which can be accessed as random
- locations but cannot be written. It's locations are "burned" permenently
- with the desired contents so when power is turned off the contents are not
- lost.
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- Task- Term used to refer to a currently executing (ie "running") program.
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- Virtual - Term commonly used to describe hardware which is made to function
- at low level one way but appear at a higher level in a different manner ie
- "virtual memory" is a way of making the address space appear larger than it
- is to the user.
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- Word - This is a rather loosely defined term. Some consider 16 bits to be the
- definitive word. More commonly used definition, however is the largest number
- of bits on which a processor is capable of operatin or the typical number of
- bits on which a processor is capable of operating. In the IBM or TI PC this is
- 16 bits. On aN IBM 370 its 32 bits. The word size of the processor is the
- further confused on the PC's because the number of bits the processor can read
- from memory at once is 8 bits (Intel 8088 has an 8 bit data bus).
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